Table of Contents

0. SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CLOSED-VENT INTERNAL FLOATING-ROOF STORAGE TANKS
    2.1 Venting
    2.2 Vacuum
    2.3 Pressure
    2.4 European Practice
3. EMISSION REDUCTIONS FROM FLOATING ROOFS VS EMISSION
    REDUCTIONS FROM CLOSED VENTS
    3.1 Emission Reductions from Internal Floating Roofs
    3.2 Emission Reductions from Closed Vents
4. THE ITERATIVE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING EMISSIONS FOR
    CLOSED-VENT IFRTS
    4.1 Daily Gain and Loss of Vapors in the Vapor Space
    4.2 Saturation of the Vapor Space for Closed-vent IFRTs
    4.3 Daily Gain and Loss Equations for Closed-vent IFRTs
    4.4 Example of Closed-vent IFRT Emissions for a 100-day Period
5. COMPARING CLOSED-VENT IFRT AND OPEN-VENT IFRT EMISSIONS
    5.1 Base Case
    5.2 Effect of Product Volatility
    5.3 Effect of Type of Floating Roof
    5.4 Effect of Tank Height
    5.5 Effect of Average Liquid Surface Temperature
    5.6 Effect of Vent Settings
6. THE EQUIVALENT-DIAMETER METHOD
    6.1 Development
    6.2 Comparing the Iterative and Equivalent-diameter Methods
7. THE GERMAN METHOD
8. FLAMMABLE MIXTURES IN THE VAPOR SPACE
9. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OPEN-VENT IFRTS AND
    CLOSED-VENT IFRTS
10. SUMMARY
11. CONCLUSION
12. REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - NOMENCLATURE

Abstract

Describes evaporative loss from internal floating-roof tanks (IFRTs) with closed vents.

General Product Information

Published
Document Type	Standard
Status	Current
Publisher	American Petroleum Institute
Pages
ISBN