Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION
2 THE AGEING OF PA-11
  2.1 Background
  2.2 The Effect of Water in Saturated & Unsaturated Conditions
  2.3 The Effect of the pH of Water
  2.4 The Effect of Different Crudes
  2.5 The Effect of Hydrate Treatment Chemicals
  2.6 The Effect of Treatment Chemicals
  2.7 Other Effects on Chemical Ageing
  2.8 Determination of Ageing
3 SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION MODELS
  3.1 General
  3.2 Input Parameters
  3.3 Initial Acceptance Criteria
  3.4 Ageing Curves
4 FIELD MONITORING OF PA-11
  4.1 Methods of Field Monitoring
  4.2 Implementation of Monitoring Strategy
5 REFERENCES
APPENDIX A DETAILED CHEMISTRY OF POLYAMIDE 11 AGEING
APPENDIX B GUIDANCE ON LABORATORY EXPOSURE TESTING
APPENDIX C COMPARISON OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION
           TECHNIQUES
APPENDIX D RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT OF
           AGED AND FRESH POLYAMIDE 11 IN M-CRESOL
APPENDIX E SUMMARY OF ROUND ROBIN RESULTS
APPENDIX F VALIDATION OF INITIAL ACCEPTANCE CRITERION THROUGH
           DOCUMENTED FIELD EXPERIENCE
APPENDIX G VALIDATION OF INITIAL ACCEPTANCE CRITERION
           THROUGH LABORATORY CONSIDERATION OF FATIGUE AND
           FRACTURE MECHANICS
APPENDIX H RISER WORKED EXAMPLE

Abstract

Provides comprehensive guidance on materials and pipe issues regarding the use and operation of PA-11 in flexible pipe applications, and concentrates on the use of PA-11 in the internal sheath of flexible pipes. Provides prevention of failure of the internal pressure sheath, as a result of ageing and associated loss of mechanical properties, by determining and disseminating the necessary scientific and practical information.

General Product Information

Published
Document Type	Standard
Status	Current
Publisher	American Petroleum Institute
Pages
ISBN