Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION
2 REFERENCES
3 DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS
              3.1 Definitions
              3.2 List of Symbols
4 DISCUSSION OF SHRINKAGE AND EXPANSION
              4.1 Cause and Results of Shrinkage and
                      Expansion
5 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
              5.1 The Annular Expansion Ring:
                      A Measurement of Linear Expansion
                      Under Conditions of Free Access to Water
              5.2 The Cylindrical Sleeve:
                      A Measurement of Bulk Expansion
                      Under Conditions of Free Access to Water
              5.3 The Membrane:
                      A Measurement of Bulk Shrinkage or Bulk
                      Expansion Under Impermeable Conditions
              5.4 The CHA:
                      A Measurement of Inner Shrinkage
                      Under Free Access to Gas
6 DATA ANALYSIS
              6.1 Annular Ring and Linear Bar
              6.2 Sleeve and Membrane Tests
              6.3 CHA Tests
7 RESULTS INTERPRETATION
              7.1 General Comments About the Expansion
              7.2 Neat Slurries
              7.3 Influence of Foaming Agent and
                      Entrapped Air
              7.4 Conclusion
              7.5 Action of an Expanding Agent
              7.6 Porosity Effect
              7.7 Research of Possible Trends
8 CONCLUSION
APPENDIX A - SUGGESTED REFERENCES
Figures
  1 Cement Hydration
  2 The Annular Expansion Mold
  3 Measurement of Cement Expansion
  4 Measurement of Cement Shrinkage
                      (or Expansion)
  5 Experiment 1
  6 Experiment 2
  7 Experiment 3
  8 Cement Hydration Analyzer
  9 CHA: Shrinkage Measurement - Test G4
  10 CHA: Shrinkage Measurement - Test P3
  11 Action of Expansion Agent - Expansion
                      as a Function of Shrinkage
  12 Porosity and Membrane Shrinkage
  13 Porosity and Membrane Shrinkage
  14 Action of Expanding Agent, Latex,
                      and Dispersant
  15 Cement Volume/Total Volume Ratio and
                      Membrane Shrinkage
  16 Cement Volume/Total Volume Ratio and
                      Membrane Shrinkage
  17 Water Weight/Cement Weight Ratio and
                      Membrane Shrinkage
  18 Water Weight/Cement Weight Ratio and
                      Membrane Shrinkage
  19 Water Weight/Cement Weight Ratio and
                      Membrane Shrinkage
  20 CHA Test, System 1
  21 CHA Test, System 2
Tables
  1 General Table
  2 Neat Slurry (H) Test, 16.8 ppg
  3 Neat Slurry (A) Test, 15.6 ppg
  4 Foaming Agent Test, 16.8 ppg
  5 Foaming Agent Test, 16.8 ppg
  6 Expanding Agent Test, 17.1 ppg
  7 10 Percent Expanding Test, 17.5 ppg
  8 5 Percent Latex Slurrey Test, 16.8 ppg
  9 10 Percent Latex Slurrey Test, 16.8 ppg
  10 10 Percent Latex Slurrey Test, 16.8 ppg
  11 5 Percent Expanding Plus Latex Test, 17.1 ppg
  12 5 Percent CaO:MgO + Latex (5 Percent)
                      + Dispersant (1 Percent) Test, 17.1 ppg
  13 10 Percent CaO:MgO + Latex (5 Percent)
                      + Dispersant (1 Percent) Test, 17.5 ppg
  14 Proprietary Blend Test, 16.2 ppg
  15 Proprietary Blend Test, 16.2 ppg
  16 Amoco Latex Test, 23.0 ppg
  17 Slag Mix Test, 13.0 ppg
  18 Slag Mix Test, 14.6 ppg
  19 Neat H Slurries, 16.8 ppg
  20 Neat Holnam H Slurries
  21 The Dispersion Effect On a Neat Slurry
  22 Microcement

Abstract

Presents the results of research into shrinkage and expansion of oilwell cements in the wellbore as well as a series of test methods and procedures developed to measure these phenomena.

General Product Information

Published
Document Type	Standard
Status	Current
Publisher	American Petroleum Institute
Pages
ISBN