Table of Contents

Section
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION
      BACKGROUND
      OBJECTIVE
      APPROACH
      REPORT ORGANIZATION
2 DATA FROM THE LOS ANGELES REFINERIES
      ACQUISITION
      PROCESSING
3 DATA ANALYSIS
      HIGH AND REPEAT LEAKERS
      DISTRIBUTION OF EMISSIONS BY SCREENING RANGES
      DISTRIBUTION OF EMISSIONS BY COMPONENT CATEGORY
      PROCESS UNIT VARIATIONS
      REFINERY-TO-REFINERY VARIATIONS
      GREATER LEAK TENDENCY OF COMPONENTS IN LPG STREAMS
4 RECOMMENDATION FOR COST EFFECTIVE LDAR
5 REFERENCES
APPENDIX A
      MATRIX TABLE OF RESULTS
Figure
3-1 Average Per Component Emissions for High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Aggregate
      of All Components and Services
3-2 Average Per Component Emissions for High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Valves in
      Light Service
3-3 Average Per Component Emissions for High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Valves in
      Gas Service
3-4 Average Per Component Emissions for High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Pumps in
      Light Liquid Service
3-5 Average Per Component Emissions for High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Connectors
      in Light Liquid Service
3-6 Average Per Component Emissions for High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Connectors
      in Gas Service
3-7 Percentage of Total Emissions for High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers, and Other Leakers for Aggregate
      of All Components and Services
3-8 Percentage of Total Emissions for High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Other Leakers for Valves in
      Light Liquid Service
3-9 Percentage of Total Emissions for High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Other Leakers for Valves in
      Gas Service
3-10 Percentage of Total Emissions for High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Other Leakers for Pumps in
      Light Liquid Service
3-11 Percentage of Total Emissions for High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers, and Other Leakers for Connectors
      in Light Liquid Service
3-12 Percentage of Total Emissions for High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers, and Other Leakers for Connectors
      in Gas Service
3-13 Distribution of Component Count and Estimated
      Emissions by Screening Range - Average of All
      Component Types, Service Types for 5.5 Years
3-14 Percentage of Total Emissions for High Leakers and
      Repeat Leakers in Refinery Processes for Aggregate
      of All Components and Services
3-15 Percentage of Total Emissions for High Leakers and
      Repeat Leakers in Refinery Processes for Valves in
      Light Liquid Service
3-16 Percentage of Total Emissions for High Leakers and
      Repeat Leakers in Refinery Processes for Valves in
      Gas Service
3-17 Percentage of Total Emissions for High Leakers and
      Repeat Leakers in Refinery Processes for Pumps in
      Light Liquid Service
3-18 Percentage of Total Emissions for High Leakers and
      Repeat Leakers in Refinery Processes for Connectors
      in Light Liquid Service
3-19 Percentage of Total Emissions for High Leakers and
      Repeat Leakers in Refinery Processes for Connectors
      in Gas Service
3-20 Percentage of Total Components for High Leakers and
      Repeat Leakers in Refinery Processes for Aggregate
      of All Components and Services
3-21 Percentage of Total Components for High Leakers and
      Repeat Leakers in Refinery Processes for Valves in
      Light Liquid Service
3-22 Percentage of Total Components for High Leakers and
      Repeat Leakers in Refinery Processes for Valves in
      Gas Service
3-23 Percentage of Total Components for High Leakers and
      Repeat Leakers in Refinery Processes for Pumps in
      Light Liquid Service
3-24 Percentage of Total Components for High Leakers and
      Repeat Leakers in Refinery Processes for Connectors
      in Light Liquid Service
3-25 Percentage of Total Components for High Leakers and
      Repeat Leakers in Refinery Processes for Connectors
      in Gas Service
3-26 Emission Factors by Processes for Aggregate of All
      Components and Services
3-27 Aggregated Quarterly Emissions from High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Refinery A
3-28 Aggregated Quarterly Emissions from High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Refinery B
3-29 Aggregated Quarterly Emissions from High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Refinery C
3-30 Aggregated Quarterly Emissions from High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Refinery D
3-31 Aggregated Quarterly Emissions from High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Refinery E
3-32 Aggregated Quarterly Emissions from High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Refinery F
3-33 Aggregated Quarterly Emissions from High Leakers,
      Repeat Leakers and Total Components for Refinery G
3-34 Refinery by Refinery Comparison of Average Emissions
      of High Leakers, Repeat Leakers, and Total Components
      for Aggregate of All Components and Services
3-35 Refinery by Refinery Comparison of Percentage of
      Components That Are High Leakers, Repeat Leakers and
      Other Components for Aggregate of All Components and
      Services
LIST OF TABLES
Tables
2-1 Summary of the Screening Data Collection Effort
3-1 Screening Results for Seven Refineries (5.5 Years)
3-2 Valve and Connector Emission Distribution
3-3 Distribution of Emissions by Component Category
3-4 Process Unit Description
3-5 Contribution to Total Emissions by Process Unit High
      and Repeat Leakers
3-6 Comparison of Various Refinery Performance; Average
      Emissions, 1b/hr-component
3-7 Proportion of High Leakers in Low Pressure Gas Line
      Components for Refinery A
A-1 Combined Matrix for Leakers with Value >=500
A-2 Combined Matrix for Leakers with Value >=1,000
A-3 Combined Matrix for Leakers with Value >=10,000
A-4 Combined Matrix for Leakers with Value >=50,000
A-5 Combined Matrix for Leakers with Value >=100,000

Abstract

Provides information obtained to determine the design and operational characteristics that influence emissions and whether a focused LDAR program could be more cost effective while reducing emissions than the current method of monitoring all system components. Includes over 5 years of screening data from 7 Los Angeles, California refineries, comprising 11.5 million values.

General Product Information

Published
Document Type	Standard
Status	Current
Publisher	American Petroleum Institute
Pages
ISBN