Table of Contents

<toc>
<bookmarktable>
<bookmark index='0'>
<pageno>1</pageno>
<text>AS 1478.1-2000 CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES FOR CONCRETE, MORTAR AND GROUT - ADMIXTURES FOR CONCRETE</text>
<bookmark index='1'>
<pageno>4</pageno>
<text>PREFACE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='2'>
<pageno>5</pageno>
<text>CONTENTS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='3'>
<pageno>6</pageno>
<text>SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL</text>
<bookmark index='4'>
<pageno>6</pageno>
<text>1.1 SCOPE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='5'>
<pageno>6</pageno>
<text>1.2 APPLICATION</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='6'>
<pageno>6</pageno>
<text>1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='7'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4 DEFINITIONS</text>
<bookmark index='8'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.1 Acceptance testing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='9'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.2 Admixture</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='10'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.3 Composite sample</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='11'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.4 Control mix</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='12'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.5 Grab sample</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='13'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.6 Lot</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='14'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.7 Test mix</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='15'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.4.8 Uniformity testing</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='16'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.5 TYPES AND SYMBOLS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='17'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.6 PACKAGING</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='18'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.7 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='19'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>1.8 MARKING</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='20'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>SECTION 2 PROPERTIES OF ADMIXTURES</text>
<bookmark index='21'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>2.1 ADMIXTURES OTHER THAN AIR-ENTRAINING ADMIXTURES</text>
<bookmark index='22'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>2.1.1 General acceptance testing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='23'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>2.1.2 Requirements</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='24'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>2.1.3 Uniformity testing</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='25'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>2.2 AIR-ENTRAINING ADMIXTURES</text>
<bookmark index='26'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>2.2.1 General acceptance testing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='27'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>2.2.2 Requirements</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='28'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>2.2.3 Uniformity testing</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='29'>
<pageno>13</pageno>
<text>SECTION 3 GENERAL TEST REQUIREMENTS</text>
<bookmark index='30'>
<pageno>13</pageno>
<text>3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='31'>
<pageno>13</pageno>
<text>3.2 GENERAL ACCEPTANCE TESTS</text>
<bookmark index='32'>
<pageno>13</pageno>
<text>3.2.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='33'>
<pageno>13</pageno>
<text>3.2.2 Cement</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='34'>
<pageno>13</pageno>
<text>3.2.3 Aggregates</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='35'>
<pageno>13</pageno>
<text>3.2.4 Reference air-entraining admixture</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='36'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>3.3 SPECIFIC ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR ADMIXTURES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='37'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>3.4 CONCRETE MIXES FOR GENERAL ACCEPTANCE TESTS</text>
<bookmark index='38'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>3.4.1 Number of batches and specimens</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='39'>
<pageno>15</pageno>
<text>3.4.2 Proportioning of concrete mixes</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='40'>
<pageno>15</pageno>
<text>3.4.3 Dose rate of admixture</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='41'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>SECTION 4 TEST METHODS</text>
<bookmark index='42'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='43'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>4.2 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='44'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>4.3 TEST METHODS</text>
<bookmark index='45'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>4.3.1 Tests on freshly mixed concrete</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='46'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>4.3.2 Tests on hardened concrete</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='47'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>4.4 TEST REPORT</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='48'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX A - SAMPLING PROCEDURE</text>
<bookmark index='49'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>A1 SCOPE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='50'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>A2 SAMPLE SIZE AND REPRESENTATION</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='51'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>A3 ACCEPTANCE TESTING SAMPLE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='52'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>A4 UNIFORMITY TESTING SAMPLE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='53'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>A5 SAMPLING LIQUID ADMIXTURES</text>
<bookmark index='54'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>A5.1 Sampling at point of manufacture</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='55'>
<pageno>19</pageno>
<text>A5.2 Sampling at point of delivery</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='56'>
<pageno>19</pageno>
<text>A6 SAMPLING SOLID (POWDER) ADMIXTURES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='57'>
<pageno>19</pageno>
<text>A7 PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF SAMPLES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='58'>
<pageno>19</pageno>
<text>A8 MIXING AND PREPARATION OF COMPOSITE SAMPLES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='59'>
<pageno>19</pageno>
<text>A9 IDENTIFICATION</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='60'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX B - INFORMATION ON CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES FOR USE IN CONCRETE</text>
<bookmark index='61'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>B1 SCOPE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='62'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>B2 DESCRIPTIONS AND TYPES OF ADMIXTURE</text>
<bookmark index='63'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>B2.1 Admixture</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='64'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>B2.2 Air-entraining admixture (Type AEA)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='65'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>B2.3 Water-reducing admixture (Type WR)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='66'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>B2.4 Set-retarding admixture (Type Re)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='67'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>B2.5 Set-accelerating admixture (Type Ac)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='68'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>B2.6 Water-reducing and set-retarding admixture (Type WRRe)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='69'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>B2.7 Water-reducing and set- accelerating admixture (Type WRAc)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='70'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>B2.8 High range water-reducing admixture (Type HWR)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='71'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>B2.9 High range water-reducing and set- retarding admixture (Type HWRRe)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='72'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>B2.10 Medium-range, water-reducing admixture (Type MWR)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='73'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>B2.11 Special purpose normal-setting admixture (Type SN)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='74'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>B2.12 Special purpose set-retarding admixture (Type SRe)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='75'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>B2.13 Special purpose set-accelerating admixture (Type SAc)</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='76'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>B3 USE OF ADMIXTURES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='77'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>B4 CLASSES OF ADMIXTURE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='78'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>B5 ACTION OF ADMIXTURES</text>
<bookmark index='79'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>B5.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='80'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>B5.2 Effect of different cements</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='81'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>B5.3 Importance of mixing sequence</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='82'>
<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>B5.4 Effects of temperature</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='83'>
<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>B5.5 Effects of overdoses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='84'>
<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>B5.6 Storage</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='85'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>B5.7 Effect of batch size and mixing action</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='86'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>B5.8 Steam curing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='87'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>B5.9 Compatibility of admixtures</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='88'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>B5.10 Volume change</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='89'>
<pageno>27</pageno>
<text>B5.11 Durability of concrete</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='90'>
<pageno>27</pageno>
<text>B6 AIR-ENTRAINING ADMIXTURES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='91'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>B7 WATER-REDUCING AND SET-CONTROLLING ADMIXTURES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='92'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>B8 HIGH RANGE WATER-REDUCING AND SET-CONTROLLING ADMIXTURES</text>
<bookmark index='93'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>B8.1 Applications</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='94'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>B8.2 General characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='95'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>B8.3 Formwork</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='96'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>B8.4 Placing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='97'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>B8.5 Compaction</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='98'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>B8.6 High range water reduction</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='99'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>B9 SET-ACCELERATING ADMIXTURES</text>
<bookmark index='100'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>B9.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='101'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>B9.2 Principal effects on concrete</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='102'>
<pageno>30</pageno>
<text>B9.3 Use of calcium chloride</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='103'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>B9.4 Cold weather concreting</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='104'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>B10 MID-RANGE WATER-REDUCING ADMIXTURES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='105'>
<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>B11 SPECIAL PURPOSE ADMIXTURES</text>
<bookmark index='106'>
<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>B11.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='107'>
<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>B11.2 Types of special purpose admixtures</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='108'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>B12 TESTING OF ADMIXTURES FOR GENERAL ACCEPTANCE AND UNIFORMITY</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='109'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>B13 FURTHER INFORMATION</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='110'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX C - DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE ION CONTENT IN ADMIXTURES</text>
<bookmark index='111'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>C1 SCOPE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='112'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>C2 APPARATUS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='113'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>C3 SELECTIVE ION ELECTRODE METHOD</text>
<bookmark index='114'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>C3.1 Application</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='115'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>C3.2 Principle</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='116'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>C3.3 Reagents</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='117'>
<pageno>37</pageno>
<text>C3.4 Procedure</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='118'>
<pageno>37</pageno>
<text>C3.5 Calculation</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='119'>
<pageno>37</pageno>
<text>C4 POTENTIOMETRIC METHOD</text>
<bookmark index='120'>
<pageno>37</pageno>
<text>C4.1 Application</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='121'>
<pageno>37</pageno>
<text>C4.2 Principle</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='122'>
<pageno>38</pageno>
<text>C4.3 Reagents</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='123'>
<pageno>38</pageno>
<text>C4.4 Procedure</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='124'>
<pageno>38</pageno>
<text>C4.5 Calculation</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='125'>
<pageno>39</pageno>
<text>C5 RECORDS</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='126'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX D - INFORMATION ON THICKENING ADMIXTURES FOR USE IN CONCRETE, MORTAR AND GROUT</text>
<bookmark index='127'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>D1 SCOPE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='128'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>D2 DESCRIPTION</text>
<bookmark index='129'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>D2.1 Thickening admixture</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='130'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>D3 CLASSES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='131'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>D4 METHODS OF USING THICKENING ADMIXTURES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='132'>
<pageno>41</pageno>
<text>D5 EFFECTS ON PROPERTIES OF FRESH AND HARDENED MIXTURES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='133'>
<pageno>42</pageno>
<text>D6 USE OF THICKENING ADMIXTURES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='134'>
<pageno>42</pageno>
<text>D7 TESTING</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='135'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX E - INFORMATION ON SHRINKAGE- REDUCING AND SHRINKAGE-COMPENSATING ADMIXTURES FOR USE IN CONCRETE, MORTAR AND GROUT</text>
<bookmark index='136'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>E1 SCOPE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='137'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>E2 DESCRIPTION</text>
<bookmark index='138'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>E2.1 Shrinkage-reducing admixture</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='139'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>E2.2 Shrinkage-compensating admixture</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='140'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>E3 USES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='141'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>E4 TYPES OF SHRINKAGE-REDUCING ADMIXTURES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='142'>
<pageno>44</pageno>
<text>E5 TYPES OF SHRINKAGE-COMPENSATING ADMIXTURES</text>
<bookmark index='143'>
<pageno>44</pageno>
<text>E5.1 Gas generating admixtures</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='144'>
<pageno>45</pageno>
<text>E5.2 Admixtures that modify the cement hydration process</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='145'>
<pageno>45</pageno>
<text>E5.3 Lime-based admixtures</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='146'>
<pageno>45</pageno>
<text>E5.4 Additional information</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='147'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX F - INFORMATION ON PERMEABILITY-REDUCING ADMIXTURES FOR USE IN CONCRETE, MORTAR AND GROUT</text>
<bookmark index='148'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>F1 SCOPE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='149'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>F2 USE OF TERMS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='150'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>F3 DESCRIPTION</text>
<bookmark index='151'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>F3.1 Permeability-reducing admixture</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='152'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>F4 CLASSES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='153'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>F5 USE OF ADMIXTURES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='154'>
<pageno>48</pageno>
<text>F6 MOISTURE TRANSMISSION</text>
<bookmark index='155'>
<pageno>48</pageno>
<text>F6.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='156'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>F6.2 Moisture transmission through slabs</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='157'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>F7 EFFECTS ON OTHER PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE</text>
<bookmark index='158'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>F7.1 User to determine</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='159'>
<pageno>49</pageno>
<text>F7.2 Results of side effect</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='160'>
<pageno>50</pageno>
<text>F8 PRODUCTION OF LOW-PERMEABILITY CONCRETE</text>
<bookmark index='161'>
<pageno>50</pageno>
<text>F8.1 Permeability-reducing admixtures</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='162'>
<pageno>50</pageno>
<text>F8.2 Cementitious materials</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='163'>
<pageno>50</pageno>
<text>F8.3 Aggregate</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='164'>
<pageno>50</pageno>
<text>F8.4 Shrinkage and temperature movements</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='165'>
<pageno>50</pageno>
<text>F8.5 Placement of concrete</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='166'>
<pageno>50</pageno>
<text>F8.6 Curing</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='167'>
<pageno>51</pageno>
<text>REFERENCES</text>
<bookmark index='168'>
<pageno>51</pageno>
<text>General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='169'>
<pageno>51</pageno>
<text>Testing</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmarktable>
</toc>

Abstract

Sets out the requirements for chemical admixtures to be added to concrete mixes incorporating portland and blended cements.

RECONFIRMATION NOTICE
Major stakeholders of this publication have reviewed the content of this publication and in accordance with Standards Australia procedures for reconfirmation, it has been determined that the publication is still valid and does not require change.
Certain documents referenced in the publication may have been amended since the original date of publication. Users are advised to ensure that they are using the latest versions of such documents as appropriate, unless advised otherwise in this Reconfirmation Notice.
Approved for reconfirmation in accordance with Standards Australia procedures for reconfirmation on 29 August 2018.

Scope

This Standard specifies requirements for chemical admixtures to be added to concrete mixes incorporating portland and blended cements.
NOTES:
1 Sampling procedures are given in Appendix A.
2 Information on admixtures for use in concrete is given in Appendix B.
3 Guide to determine the chloride ion content in admixtures is given in Appendix C.
4 Information on thickening admixtures is given in Appendix D.
5 Information on shrinkage-reducing and shrinkage-compensating admixtures is given in Appendix E.
6 Information on permeability-reducing admixtures is given in Appendix F.7 Admixtures that have been acceptance tested and approved to AS 14781992 and that meet the requirements of this Standard do not require re-assessment.

General Product Information

Published
Document Type	Standard
Status	Current
Publisher	Standards Australia
ProductNote	Reconfirmed 14/09/2018. This standard has been reconfirmed in Australia in 2018 and remains current in New Zealand. Reconfirmation Notice 14/09/2018
Pages
ISBN
Committee	BD-033
Supersedes	MP 20.1-1971 AS 1478-1992 MP 20.2-1975 MP 20.3-1977 DR 98465