Table of Contents

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<pageno>1</pageno>
<text>AS 1359.102.1-1997 ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS - METHODS FOR DETERMINING LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY - GEN</text>
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<pageno>4</pageno>
<text>PREFACE</text>
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<pageno>5</pageno>
<text>CONTENTS</text>
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<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>SECTION ONE - GENERAL</text>
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<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1 Scope</text>
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<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>2 Object</text>
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<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>3 General</text>
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<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>3.1 List of symbols</text>
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<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>4 Definitions</text>
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<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>4.1 Efficiency</text>
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<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>4.2 Total loss</text>
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<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.3 Braking test</text>
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<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.4 Calibrated driving machine test</text>
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<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.5 Mechanical back-to-back test</text>
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<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.6 Electrical back-to-back test</text>
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<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.7 Retardation test</text>
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<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.8 Calorimetric test</text>
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<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.9 No-load test</text>
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<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.10 Open-circuit test</text>
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<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.11 Sustained short-circuit test</text>
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<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.12 Zero power factor test</text>
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<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>5 Reference temperature</text>
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<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>SECTION TWO - D.C. MACHINES</text>
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<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>6 Losses to be included</text>
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<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>6.1 Excitation circuit losses</text>
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<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>6.2 Constant losses</text>
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<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>6.3 Load losses</text>
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<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>6.4 Additional load losses</text>
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<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>7 Determination of efficiency</text>
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<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>7.1 Summation of losses</text>
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<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>7.1.1 Excitation losses</text>
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<pageno>13</pageno>
<text>7.1.2 Constant losses</text>
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<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>7.1.3 Load losses</text>
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<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>7.1.4 Additional load losses</text>
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<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>7.2 Total loss measurement</text>
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<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>7.2.1 Electrical back-to-back tests (see clause 16)</text>
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<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>7.3 Direct measurement of efficiency</text>
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<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>7.3.1 Braking test</text>
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<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>7.3.2 Calibrated machine test (see clause 13)</text>
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<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>7.3.3 Mechanical back-to- back test</text>
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<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>SECTION THREE - POLYPHASE INDUCTION MACHINES</text>
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<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>8 Losses to be included</text>
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<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>8.1 Constant losses</text>
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<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>8.2 Load losses</text>
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<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>8.3 Additional load losses</text>
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<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>9 Determination of efficiency</text>
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<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>9.1 Summation of losses</text>
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<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>9.1.1 Constant losses</text>
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<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>9.1.2 Load losses</text>
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<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.1.3 Additional load losses</text>
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<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.2 Total loss measurement</text>
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<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.2.1 Electrical back-to-back test (see clause 16)</text>
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<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.3 Direct measurement of efficiency</text>
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<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.3.1 Braking test</text>
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<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.3.2 Calibrated machine test (see clause 13)</text>
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<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.3.3 Mechanical back-to-back test</text>
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<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>SECTION FOUR - SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES</text>
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<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>10 Losses to be included</text>
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<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>10.1 Constant losses</text>
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<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>10.2 Load losses</text>
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<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>10.3 Excitation circuit losses</text>
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<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>10.4 Additional load losses</text>
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<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>11 Determination of efficiency</text>
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<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>11.1 Summation of losses</text>
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<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>11.1.1 Excitation circuit losses</text>
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<pageno>23</pageno>
<text>11.1.2 Constant losses</text>
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<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>11.1.3 Load losses</text>
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<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>11.1.4 Additional load losses</text>
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<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.2 Total loss measurement</text>
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<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.2.1 Electrical back-to-back test (see clause 16)</text>
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<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.2.2 Zero power factor test (see clause 14)</text>
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<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.3 Direct measurement of efficiency</text>
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<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.3.1 Braking test</text>
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<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.3.2 Calibrated machine test (see clause 13)</text>
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<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.3.3 Mechanical back-to-back test</text>
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<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>SECTION FIVE - METHODS OF TEST</text>
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<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>12 General</text>
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<pageno>27</pageno>
<text>13 Calibrated machine test</text>
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<pageno>27</pageno>
<text>14 Zero power factor test</text>
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<pageno>27</pageno>
<text>15 Retardation method</text>
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<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>15.1 General</text>
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<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>15.1.1 Fundamentals</text>
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<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>15.1.2 Method of the chord</text>
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<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>15.1.3 Method of the limiting secant</text>
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<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>15.1.4 Method of the average speed of rotation</text>
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<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>15.2 Composition of retardation tests</text>
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<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>15.2.1 Composition of tests with known moment of inertia</text>
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<pageno>30</pageno>
<text>15.2.2 Composition of test with unknown moment of inertia</text>
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<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>15.3 Retardation test procedure</text>
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<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>15.3.1 State of a tested machine during retardation tests</text>
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<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>15.3.2 Tested machine coupled with other mechanisms</text>
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<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>15.3.3 Rotation of a tested machine</text>
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<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>15.3.4 Procedure performed prior to starting the tests</text>
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<pageno>33</pageno>
<text>15.3.5 Procedures during retardation</text>
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<pageno>33</pageno>
<text>15.3.6 Program of retardation tests</text>
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<pageno>33</pageno>
<text>15.4 Taking of measurements</text>
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<pageno>33</pageno>
<text>15.4.1 Methods of measurements</text>
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<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>15.4.2 Accelerometric method</text>
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<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>15.4.3 Tachometric method</text>
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<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>15.4.4 Chronographic method</text>
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<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>15.4.5 Measurement of losses in bearings</text>
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<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>16 Electrical back-to-back test</text>
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<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>17 Calorimetric test</text>
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<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>18 Schedule of preferred tests</text>
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<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>18.1 D. C. machines</text>
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<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>18.2 Polyphase induction machines</text>
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<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>18.3 Synchronous machines</text>
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<pageno>39</pageno>
<text>Annex A - Provisional methods for determining losses and efficiency of converter-fed cage induction machines</text>
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<pageno>39</pageno>
<text>A.1 Determination of losses and efficiency of converter-fed motors</text>
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<pageno>39</pageno>
<text>A.1.1 Components of the additional losses</text>
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<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>A.1.2 Efficiency determination by input-output measurement</text>
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<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>A.1.3 Efficiency determination by summation of losses</text>
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<pageno>41</pageno>
<text>A.1.4 Efficiency determination by the calorimetric method</text>
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<pageno>41</pageno>
<text>A.1.5 Efficiency determination by summation of losses from tests on a sinusoidal system with lumped increments to take care o</text>
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<pageno>42</pageno>
<text>A.1.6 Recommended methods</text>
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<pageno>42</pageno>
<text>A.2 Requirements for the measuring instruments</text>
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<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>A.3 Total loss measurement</text>
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<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>A.4 Summation of losses</text>
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<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>A.4.1 Motor supplied by I-converter with block-wave output.</text>
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<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>A.4.1.1 No-load test when fed by converter</text>
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<pageno>44</pageno>
<text>A.4.1.2 Load test when fed by converter</text>
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<pageno>44</pageno>
<text>A.4.2 Motor supplied by U-converter</text>
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<pageno>45</pageno>
<text>A.4.3 Summation of losses by a load test with sinusoidal supply and a no-load test with converter supply</text>
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<pageno>45</pageno>
<text>A.5 Method with assumed increments to the losses determined on sinusoidal supply</text>
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<pageno>46</pageno>
<text>A.6 Basic considerations concerning converters</text>
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<pageno>46</pageno>
<text>A.6.1 Typical converter output waveforms</text>
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<pageno>46</pageno>
<text>A.6.2 PWM-converter harmonics</text>
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Abstract

Specifies the calculation of efficiency from the summation of individual losses or from measurement of total losses. Specifies particular losses to be included for various types of machine. Details calibrated machine test, zero power-factor test, retardation test and electrical back-to-back test. This Standard is technically equivalent to and reproduced from IEC 34-2:1972 including Amd. 1:1995 and Amd. 2:1996.

Scope

This Recommendation applies to d.c. machines and to a.c. synchronous and induction machines of all sizes within the scope of IEC Publication 34-1. The principles can, however, be applied to other types of machines such as rotary converters, a.c. commutator motors and single-phase induction motors for which other methods of determining losses are generally used.

General Product Information

Published
Document Type	Standard
Status	Current
Publisher	Standards Australia
ProductNote	Pending Revision indicates that as a result of the Aged Standards review process, the document needs updating. If no project proposal, meeting the quality criteria, is received within the 12 month timeframe, the document shall be withdrawn.
Pages
ISBN
Committee	EL-009
Supersedes	AS 1359.33-1983 DR 96091 DR 96206