Table of Contents

1 Overview
  1.1 Scope
  1.2 Purpose
  1.3 System design
  1.4 Background information
2 References
3 List of acronyms and abbreviations
4 Fluid tests and the significance of each test
  4.1 Neutralization number (D644, D974)
  4.2 Dielectric breakdown voltage (D877, D1816)
  4.3 Dielectric breakdown voltage (impulse conditions)
       (D3300)
  4.4 Interfacial tension (D971)
  4.5 AC loss characteristics (dissipation factor and
       relative permittivity) (D924)
  4.6 Color (D1500)
  4.7 Viscosity (D88, D445, D2161)
  4.8 Flash point and fire point (Cleveland open cup
       method) (D92)
  4.9 Specific gravity (relative density) (D1298)
  4.10 Pour point (D97)
  4.11 Volume resistivity (D1169)
  4.12 Gas analysis
  4.13 Inorganic chlorides and sulfates (D878)
  4.14 Corrosive sulfur (D1275)
  4.15 Oxidation stability or sludge formation, or both
       (D2112, D2440)
  4.16 Water in insulating fluid (extraction and Karl
       Fischer methods) (D1315, D1533)
  4.17 Oxidation inhibitors in electrical insulating
       fluids (D2668, D4768)
  4.18 Visual examination field test (D1524)
  4.19 Refractive index and specific optical dispersion
       (D1807)
  4.20 Gassing of insulating oils under electrical stress
       and ionization (D2300)
  4.21 Aniline point and mixed aniline point of petroleum
       products (D611)
5 Handling and evaluation of LFH fluids for use in filling
  transformers at the installation site
  5.1 Shipping containers
  5.2 Check tests on receipt
  5.3 Handling of the fluid by the user and placing the
       fluid in storage
  5.4 Handling and testing of LFH fluids for installation
       into apparatus
6 Evaluation of LFH fluids received in new equipment and
  after filling apparatus on site
7 Maintenance of LFH fluids
  7.1 Field screening
  7.2 Laboratory screening
  7.3 Test limits for service-aged LFH fluids
  7.4 Reconditioning
  7.5 Reclaiming
  7.6 Mixtures of different types of LFH fluids
8 Safety and environmental care procedures
  8.1 Leaks
  8.2 Minor spills
  8.3 Spills on soil
  8.4 Spills on water
Annex A (informative) Bibliography

Abstract

Defines recommended tests and evaluation procedures, as well as criteria and methods of maintenance for less flammable hydrocarbon (LFH) transformer insulating fluids. Methods of reconditioning LFH fluids are also described. It is not the intent of this guide to address retrofilling transformers with LFH fluids. Any such substitution of fluids should be performed only after consultation with the manufacturers of fluid and equipment. Where instructions given by the transformer or fluid manufacturer differ from those given in this guide, the manufacturer's instructions are to be given preference.

General Product Information

Published
Document Type	Standard
Status	Current
Publisher	Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
Pages
ISBN
Supersedes	IEEE DRAFT C57.121 : D4 OCT 96