Table of Contents

Preliminary
Foreword
0 Introduction
1 Scope
2 Definitions
  2.1 General metrological terms
  2.2 The term 'uncertainty'
  2.3 Terms specific to this Guide
3 Basic concepts
  3.1 Measurement
  3.2 Errors, effects, and corrections
  3.3 Uncertainty
  3.4 Practical considerations
4 Evaluating standard uncertainty
  4.1 Modelling the measurement
  4.2 Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty
  4.3 Type B evaluation of standard uncertainty
  4.4 Graphical illustration of evaluating standard
      uncertainty
5 Determining combined standard uncertainty
  5.1 Uncorrelated input quantities
  5.2 Correlated input quantities
6 Determining expanded uncertainty
  6.1 Introduction
  6.2 Expanded uncertainty
  6.3 Choosing a coverage factor
7 Reporting uncertainty
  7.1 General guidance
  7.2 Specific guidance
8 Summary of procedure for evaluating and expressing uncertainty
Annex A Recommendations of Working Group and CIPM
      A.1 Recommendation INC-1 (1980)
      A.2 Recommendation 1 (CI-1981)
      A.3 Recommendation 1 (CI-1986)
Annex B General metrological terms
      B.1 Source of definitions
      B.2 Definitions
Annex C Basic statistical terms and concepts
      C.1 Source of definitions
      C.2 Definitions
      C.3 Elaboration of terms and concepts
Annex D 'True' value, error, and uncertainty
      D.1 The measurand
      D.2 The realized quantity
      D.3 The 'true' value and the corrected value
      D.4 Error
      D.5 Uncertainty
      D.6 Graphical representation
Annex E Motivation and basis for Recommendation INC-1 (1980)
      E.1 'Safe', 'random', and 'systematic'
      E.2 Justification for realistic uncertainty evaluations
      E.3 Justification for treating all uncertainty components
          identically
      E.4 Standard deviations as measures of uncertainty
      E.5 A comparison of two views of uncertainty
Annex F Practical guidance on evaluating uncertainty components
      F.1 Components evaluated from repeated observations: Type A
          evaluation of standard uncertainty
      F.2 Components evaluated by other means: Type B evaluation of
          standard uncertainty
Annex G Degrees of freedom and levels of confidence
      G.1 Introduction
      G.2 Central Limit
      G.3 The t-distribution and degrees of freedom
      G.4 Effective degrees of freedom
      G.5 Other considerations
      G.6 Summary and conclusions
Annex H Examples
      H.1 End-gauge calibration
      H.2 Simultaneous resistance and reactance measurement
      H.3 Calibration of a thermometer
      H.4 Measurement of activity
      H.5 Analysis of variance
      H.6 Measurements on a reference scale: hardness
Annex J Glossary of principal symbols
Bibliography
Alphabetical index

Abstract

This Guide establishes general rules for evaluating and expressing uncertainty in measurement that can be followed at various levels of accuracy and in many fields - from the shop floor to fundamental research.

General Product Information

Published
Document Type	Standard
Status	Current
Publisher	International Organization for Standardization
ProductNote	THIS STANDARDS ALSO HAVE CORRECTED VERSION IN ENGLISH 2010.
Pages
ISBN
Committee	TMBG
Supersedes	ISO/IEC GUIDE 98 : 1993 RM.AERO 80313 : A1975 RM.AERO 80312 : A1975